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Original Entry

How it works

One company. One December. Every step of the cycle, kept by hand.

Original Entry is a browser workspace for an introductory financial accounting course. A student is given a small company's papers for a single month (invoices, cheque stubs, bank advices) and keeps its books: sorting the documents, journalising, posting to the ledgers, taking a trial balance, adjusting, building the statements and closing the year.

Nothing is multiple choice. There is no answer box to fill. The work is the bookkeeping itself, and it is kept in the form a bookkeeper would keep it.

Invoice 1 · 2 December

Firstborn Supply

What the invoice says
10 × Kayak rack 120.00 1,200.00

Terms: net 30

becomes

Sales journal

The entry the student records
Account Debit Credit
112 Accounts Receivable 1,200.00
401 Sales Revenue 1,200.00
The student decides that this document needs an entry, which journal it belongs in, which accounts it touches and on which side. The software checks that the entry balances and that the journal can hold it. It does not hint at the answer.

What a student works through

The accounting cycle is a sequence, so this is numbered: each step rests on the one before it.

  1. Step 1

    Sort the documents

    Some papers need an entry. A quotation does not. Deciding which is which is the first judgement of the month, and it is marked.

  2. Step 2

    Journalise

    Five journals: sales, purchases, cash receipts, cash payments and general. Choosing the one built for a transaction is part of the work.

  3. Step 3

    Post to the ledgers

    The general ledger and the customer and supplier ledgers. Balances are derived from the entries, never typed in a second time.

  4. Step 4

    Take a trial balance

    A numeric self-check stands here. The student enters the figure they reached; the software says whether it agrees with the books it derived.

  5. Step 5

    Adjust

    Depreciation, accruals and prepayments, recorded as entries, in the same journals, against the same ledgers.

  6. Step 6

    Build the statements

    An income statement, a statement of owner equity, a balance sheet. The student chooses the sections, the subtotals and where each account sits.

  7. Step 7

    Close the books

    Temporary accounts to income summary, income summary to capital, and a post-closing trial balance to finish the month.

Why it matters

One slip in step two should cost two marks, not sixty-six.

This is where most coursework software fails an accounting student, and the reason Original Entry exists. Every later step depends on an earlier figure. If a student journalises a sale as 1,300.00 when the invoice says 1,200.00, then their receivables, their trial balance, their statements and their closing entries all carry that figure forward. Marked against a single answer key, one slip in the second step costs them the other five as well.

Original Entry marks each step on the figures the student themselves reached. Posting is marked on whether they posted what they journalised. The trial balance is marked on whether it agrees with their own ledgers. The statements are marked on whether they are built from their own adjusted figures. The slip is charged once, where it happened.

Marked against one answer key

The same student, marked against a single set of answers
Step Earned
Sorting the documents 10 / 10
Journalising 24 / 26
Posting 0 / 14
Trial balance 0 / 10
Adjusting 0 / 12
Statements 0 / 18
Closing 0 / 10
Total 34 / 100

Marked on the student's own figures

The same student, marked on the figures they reached
Step Earned
Sorting the documents 10 / 10
Journalising 24 / 26
Posting 14 / 14
Trial balance 10 / 10
Adjusting 12 / 12
Statements 18 / 18
Closing 10 / 10
Total 98 / 100

The same student, the same books, the same single slip in the second step. A mark of 34 says the month was a failure. A mark of 98 says what actually happened: they understand the cycle and mis-keyed a figure.

It never passes judgement while you work

While a student is keeping the books, the software will refuse a save for a mechanical reason, and it will say exactly which one. It never tells them how the work is going, never marks a figure in red, and never reacts to a designed mistake with a warning. That would turn the exercise into guess-until-it-lets-you-through.

What it says

This entry does not balance. Debits 1,300.00, credits 1,200.00.

What it also says

The sales journal has no column for that account. Use the general journal, or a different account.

Both are facts about the books, not verdicts about the student. The marking happens once, afterwards, and what it found is shown to the instructor as evidence rather than as a score alone. Four judgemental words are kept out of the entire interface by an automated check that reads the templates and the scripts. Since this page is part of that interface, they stay out of this page too.

For instructors

Where each student is, and what they misunderstood

Every student gets their own figures
A company ships with variants. Two students sitting together are keeping the books of the same company with different numbers, so the work has to be their own.
The misunderstanding is named
A company is authored to provoke particular mistakes, such as treating a sale as an expense, say. When the marking engine recognises one, it names it for the instructor as a diagnosis. It never reaches the student, and it accuses nobody.
Judgement stays with the person
Anything the engine cannot decide is flagged for a human. An instructor can change any mark, and the reason they give is recorded with it and survives every re-mark.
Mistakes are recoverable
A student who hands in by accident can be given the work back. A student who records a month into another company’s books can be given a fresh set, with the old ones kept and still readable.
It exports where marks belong
A marks CSV in a shape a gradebook will take, and a printable record of a whole month of one student’s work, for a re-mark or an academic integrity case.
Deadlines can be per student
Extended time is given to a person, not typed into a spreadsheet, and it extends the self-checks along with the deadline.

What it deliberately does not do

Getting started

Students join a section with a code from their instructor. Instructors sign in to set one up. Signing in is a link sent to your school email address, so there is no password to forget.